Agujero de Ozono

lilian escribió:Text Size
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Steve Cole
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-0918
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Alan Buis
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-0474
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Oct. 2, 2011


RELEASE
:
11-329



NASA Leads Study Of Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss



WASHINGTON
-- A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of
Earth's protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring
caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in
the stratosphere.

The study, published online Sunday in the
journal Nature, finds the amount of ozone destroyed in the Arctic in
2011 was comparable to that seen in some years in the Antarctic, where
an ozone "hole" has formed each spring since the mid 1980s. The
stratospheric ozone layer, extending from about 10 to 20 miles (15 to 35
kilometers) above the surface, protects life on Earth from the sun's
harmful ultraviolet rays.

The Antarctic ozone hole forms when
extremely cold conditions, common in the winter Antarctic stratosphere,
trigger reactions that convert atmospheric chlorine from human-produced
chemicals into forms that destroy ozone. The same ozone-loss processes
occur each winter in the Arctic. However, the generally warmer
stratospheric conditions there limit the area affected and the time
frame during which the chemical reactions occur, resulting in far less
ozone loss in most years in the Arctic than in the Antarctic.


To investigate the 2011 Arctic ozone loss, scientists from 19
institutions in nine countries (United States, Germany, The Netherlands,
Canada, Russia, Finland, Denmark, Japan and Spain) analyzed a
comprehensive set of measurements.

These included daily global
observations of trace gases and clouds from NASA's Aura and CALIPSO
spacecraft; ozone measured by instrumented balloons; meteorological data
and atmospheric models. The scientists found that at some altitudes,
the cold period in the Arctic lasted more than 30 days longer in 2011
than in any previously studied Arctic winter, leading to the
unprecedented ozone loss. Further studies are needed to determine what
factors caused the cold period to last so long.

"Day-to-day
temperatures in the 2010-11 Arctic winter did not reach lower values
than in previous cold Arctic winters," said lead author Gloria Manney of
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and the New
Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro. "The difference
from previous winters is that temperatures were low enough to produce
ozone-destroying forms of chlorine for a much longer time. This implies
that if winter Arctic stratospheric temperatures drop just slightly in
the future, for example as a result of climate change, then severe
Arctic ozone loss may occur more frequently."

The 2011 Arctic
ozone loss occurred over an area considerably smaller than that of the
Antarctic ozone holes. This is because the Arctic polar vortex, a
persistent large-scale cyclone within which the ozone loss takes place,
was about 40 percent smaller than a typical Antarctic vortex. While
smaller and shorter-lived than its Antarctic counterpart, the Arctic
polar vortex is more mobile, often moving over densely populated
northern regions. Decreases in overhead ozone lead to increases in
surface ultraviolet radiation, which are known to have adverse effects
on humans and other life forms.

Although the total amount of
Arctic ozone measured was much more than twice that typically seen in an
Antarctic spring, the amount destroyed was comparable to that in some
previous Antarctic ozone holes. This is because ozone levels at the
beginning of Arctic winter are typically much greater than those at the
beginning of Antarctic winter.

Manney said that without the
1989 Montreal Protocol, an international treaty limiting production of
ozone-depleting substances, chlorine levels already would be so high
that an Arctic ozone hole would form every spring. The long atmospheric
lifetimes of ozone-depleting chemicals already in the atmosphere mean
that Antarctic ozone holes, and the possibility of future severe Arctic
ozone loss, will continue for decades.

"Our ability to
quantify polar ozone loss and associated processes will be reduced in
the future when NASA's Aura and CALIPSO spacecraft, whose trace gas and
cloud measurements were central to this study, reach the end of their
operational lifetimes," Manney said. "It is imperative that this
capability be maintained if we are to reliably predict future ozone loss
in a changing climate."

For more information on NASA's Aura mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

For more information on NASA's CALIPSO mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

vitania escribió:

lilian escribió:Text Size
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Steve Cole
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-0918
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Alan Buis
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-0474
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Oct. 2, 2011


RELEASE
:
11-329



NASA Leads Study Of Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss



WASHINGTON
-- A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of
Earth's protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring
caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in
the stratosphere.

The study, published online Sunday in the
journal Nature, finds the amount of ozone destroyed in the Arctic in
2011 was comparable to that seen in some years in the Antarctic, where
an ozone "hole" has formed each spring since the mid 1980s. The
stratospheric ozone layer, extending from about 10 to 20 miles (15 to 35
kilometers) above the surface, protects life on Earth from the sun's
harmful ultraviolet rays.

The Antarctic ozone hole forms when
extremely cold conditions, common in the winter Antarctic stratosphere,
trigger reactions that convert atmospheric chlorine from human-produced
chemicals into forms that destroy ozone. The same ozone-loss processes
occur each winter in the Arctic. However, the generally warmer
stratospheric conditions there limit the area affected and the time
frame during which the chemical reactions occur, resulting in far less
ozone loss in most years in the Arctic than in the Antarctic.


To investigate the 2011 Arctic ozone loss, scientists from 19
institutions in nine countries (United States, Germany, The Netherlands,
Canada, Russia, Finland, Denmark, Japan and Spain) analyzed a
comprehensive set of measurements.

These included daily global
observations of trace gases and clouds from NASA's Aura and CALIPSO
spacecraft; ozone measured by instrumented balloons; meteorological data
and atmospheric models. The scientists found that at some altitudes,
the cold period in the Arctic lasted more than 30 days longer in 2011
than in any previously studied Arctic winter, leading to the
unprecedented ozone loss. Further studies are needed to determine what
factors caused the cold period to last so long.

"Day-to-day
temperatures in the 2010-11 Arctic winter did not reach lower values
than in previous cold Arctic winters," said lead author Gloria Manney of
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and the New
Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro. "The difference
from previous winters is that temperatures were low enough to produce
ozone-destroying forms of chlorine for a much longer time. This implies
that if winter Arctic stratospheric temperatures drop just slightly in
the future, for example as a result of climate change, then severe
Arctic ozone loss may occur more frequently."

The 2011 Arctic
ozone loss occurred over an area considerably smaller than that of the
Antarctic ozone holes. This is because the Arctic polar vortex, a
persistent large-scale cyclone within which the ozone loss takes place,
was about 40 percent smaller than a typical Antarctic vortex. While
smaller and shorter-lived than its Antarctic counterpart, the Arctic
polar vortex is more mobile, often moving over densely populated
northern regions. Decreases in overhead ozone lead to increases in
surface ultraviolet radiation, which are known to have adverse effects
on humans and other life forms.

Although the total amount of
Arctic ozone measured was much more than twice that typically seen in an
Antarctic spring, the amount destroyed was comparable to that in some
previous Antarctic ozone holes. This is because ozone levels at the
beginning of Arctic winter are typically much greater than those at the
beginning of Antarctic winter.

Manney said that without the
1989 Montreal Protocol, an international treaty limiting production of
ozone-depleting substances, chlorine levels already would be so high
that an Arctic ozone hole would form every spring. The long atmospheric
lifetimes of ozone-depleting chemicals already in the atmosphere mean
that Antarctic ozone holes, and the possibility of future severe Arctic
ozone loss, will continue for decades.

"Our ability to
quantify polar ozone loss and associated processes will be reduced in
the future when NASA's Aura and CALIPSO spacecraft, whose trace gas and
cloud measurements were central to this study, reach the end of their
operational lifetimes," Manney said. "It is imperative that this
capability be maintained if we are to reliably predict future ozone loss
in a changing climate."

For more information on NASA's Aura mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

For more information on NASA's CALIPSO mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

lilian no podrías subirlo traducido por fa???
graciassssssss

lilian escribió:

vitania escribió:

lilian escribió:Text Size
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Steve Cole
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-0918
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Alan Buis
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-0474
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Oct. 2, 2011


RELEASE
:
11-329



NASA Leads Study Of Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss



WASHINGTON
-- A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of
Earth's protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring
caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in
the stratosphere.

The study, published online Sunday in the
journal Nature, finds the amount of ozone destroyed in the Arctic in
2011 was comparable to that seen in some years in the Antarctic, where
an ozone "hole" has formed each spring since the mid 1980s. The
stratospheric ozone layer, extending from about 10 to 20 miles (15 to 35
kilometers) above the surface, protects life on Earth from the sun's
harmful ultraviolet rays.

The Antarctic ozone hole forms when
extremely cold conditions, common in the winter Antarctic stratosphere,
trigger reactions that convert atmospheric chlorine from human-produced
chemicals into forms that destroy ozone. The same ozone-loss processes
occur each winter in the Arctic. However, the generally warmer
stratospheric conditions there limit the area affected and the time
frame during which the chemical reactions occur, resulting in far less
ozone loss in most years in the Arctic than in the Antarctic.


To investigate the 2011 Arctic ozone loss, scientists from 19
institutions in nine countries (United States, Germany, The Netherlands,
Canada, Russia, Finland, Denmark, Japan and Spain) analyzed a
comprehensive set of measurements.

These included daily global
observations of trace gases and clouds from NASA's Aura and CALIPSO
spacecraft; ozone measured by instrumented balloons; meteorological data
and atmospheric models. The scientists found that at some altitudes,
the cold period in the Arctic lasted more than 30 days longer in 2011
than in any previously studied Arctic winter, leading to the
unprecedented ozone loss. Further studies are needed to determine what
factors caused the cold period to last so long.

"Day-to-day
temperatures in the 2010-11 Arctic winter did not reach lower values
than in previous cold Arctic winters," said lead author Gloria Manney of
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and the New
Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro. "The difference
from previous winters is that temperatures were low enough to produce
ozone-destroying forms of chlorine for a much longer time. This implies
that if winter Arctic stratospheric temperatures drop just slightly in
the future, for example as a result of climate change, then severe
Arctic ozone loss may occur more frequently."

The 2011 Arctic
ozone loss occurred over an area considerably smaller than that of the
Antarctic ozone holes. This is because the Arctic polar vortex, a
persistent large-scale cyclone within which the ozone loss takes place,
was about 40 percent smaller than a typical Antarctic vortex. While
smaller and shorter-lived than its Antarctic counterpart, the Arctic
polar vortex is more mobile, often moving over densely populated
northern regions. Decreases in overhead ozone lead to increases in
surface ultraviolet radiation, which are known to have adverse effects
on humans and other life forms.

Although the total amount of
Arctic ozone measured was much more than twice that typically seen in an
Antarctic spring, the amount destroyed was comparable to that in some
previous Antarctic ozone holes. This is because ozone levels at the
beginning of Arctic winter are typically much greater than those at the
beginning of Antarctic winter.

Manney said that without the
1989 Montreal Protocol, an international treaty limiting production of
ozone-depleting substances, chlorine levels already would be so high
that an Arctic ozone hole would form every spring. The long atmospheric
lifetimes of ozone-depleting chemicals already in the atmosphere mean
that Antarctic ozone holes, and the possibility of future severe Arctic
ozone loss, will continue for decades.

"Our ability to
quantify polar ozone loss and associated processes will be reduced in
the future when NASA's Aura and CALIPSO spacecraft, whose trace gas and
cloud measurements were central to this study, reach the end of their
operational lifetimes," Manney said. "It is imperative that this
capability be maintained if we are to reliably predict future ozone loss
in a changing climate."

For more information on NASA's Aura mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

For more information on NASA's CALIPSO mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

lilian no podrías subirlo traducido por fa???
graciassssssss

Querida Vitania.
No se traducir esto, apenas lo comprendo a medias. Vere si puedo usar esos terribles traductores de Google, que aunque sean un asco al menos nos dejan leer minimamente... en fin

Si llegas a saber la direccion de Nasa en español, te ruego me la pases, a ver si logro recibir info traducida...

Te mando muchos besos...

lilian escribió:Text Size
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Steve Cole
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-0918
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Alan Buis
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-0474
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Oct. 2, 2011


RELEASE
:
11-329



NASA Leads Study Of Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss



WASHINGTON
-- A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of
Earth's protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring
caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in
the stratosphere.

The study, published online Sunday in the
journal Nature, finds the amount of ozone destroyed in the Arctic in
2011 was comparable to that seen in some years in the Antarctic, where
an ozone "hole" has formed each spring since the mid 1980s. The
stratospheric ozone layer, extending from about 10 to 20 miles (15 to 35
kilometers) above the surface, protects life on Earth from the sun's
harmful ultraviolet rays.

The Antarctic ozone hole forms when
extremely cold conditions, common in the winter Antarctic stratosphere,
trigger reactions that convert atmospheric chlorine from human-produced
chemicals into forms that destroy ozone. The same ozone-loss processes
occur each winter in the Arctic. However, the generally warmer
stratospheric conditions there limit the area affected and the time
frame during which the chemical reactions occur, resulting in far less
ozone loss in most years in the Arctic than in the Antarctic.


To investigate the 2011 Arctic ozone loss, scientists from 19
institutions in nine countries (United States, Germany, The Netherlands,
Canada, Russia, Finland, Denmark, Japan and Spain) analyzed a
comprehensive set of measurements.

These included daily global
observations of trace gases and clouds from NASA's Aura and CALIPSO
spacecraft; ozone measured by instrumented balloons; meteorological data
and atmospheric models. The scientists found that at some altitudes,
the cold period in the Arctic lasted more than 30 days longer in 2011
than in any previously studied Arctic winter, leading to the
unprecedented ozone loss. Further studies are needed to determine what
factors caused the cold period to last so long.

"Day-to-day
temperatures in the 2010-11 Arctic winter did not reach lower values
than in previous cold Arctic winters," said lead author Gloria Manney of
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and the New
Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro. "The difference
from previous winters is that temperatures were low enough to produce
ozone-destroying forms of chlorine for a much longer time. This implies
that if winter Arctic stratospheric temperatures drop just slightly in
the future, for example as a result of climate change, then severe
Arctic ozone loss may occur more frequently."

The 2011 Arctic
ozone loss occurred over an area considerably smaller than that of the
Antarctic ozone holes. This is because the Arctic polar vortex, a
persistent large-scale cyclone within which the ozone loss takes place,
was about 40 percent smaller than a typical Antarctic vortex. While
smaller and shorter-lived than its Antarctic counterpart, the Arctic
polar vortex is more mobile, often moving over densely populated
northern regions. Decreases in overhead ozone lead to increases in
surface ultraviolet radiation, which are known to have adverse effects
on humans and other life forms.

Although the total amount of
Arctic ozone measured was much more than twice that typically seen in an
Antarctic spring, the amount destroyed was comparable to that in some
previous Antarctic ozone holes. This is because ozone levels at the
beginning of Arctic winter are typically much greater than those at the
beginning of Antarctic winter.

Manney said that without the
1989 Montreal Protocol, an international treaty limiting production of
ozone-depleting substances, chlorine levels already would be so high
that an Arctic ozone hole would form every spring. The long atmospheric
lifetimes of ozone-depleting chemicals already in the atmosphere mean
that Antarctic ozone holes, and the possibility of future severe Arctic
ozone loss, will continue for decades.

"Our ability to
quantify polar ozone loss and associated processes will be reduced in
the future when NASA's Aura and CALIPSO spacecraft, whose trace gas and
cloud measurements were central to this study, reach the end of their
operational lifetimes," Manney said. "It is imperative that this
capability be maintained if we are to reliably predict future ozone loss
in a changing climate."

For more information on NASA's Aura mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Saludos, iba a colocar el mismo artículo, ¡que bueno que se me adelantaron y hay personas pendientes de estas cosas!


For more information on NASA's CALIPSO mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Diversidad escribió:

lilian escribió:Text Size
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Steve Cole
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-0918
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Alan Buis
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-0474
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Oct. 2, 2011


RELEASE
:
11-329



NASA Leads Study Of Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss



WASHINGTON
-- A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of
Earth's protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring
caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in
the stratosphere.

The study, published online Sunday in the
journal Nature, finds the amount of ozone destroyed in the Arctic in
2011 was comparable to that seen in some years in the Antarctic, where
an ozone "hole" has formed each spring since the mid 1980s. The
stratospheric ozone layer, extending from about 10 to 20 miles (15 to 35
kilometers) above the surface, protects life on Earth from the sun's
harmful ultraviolet rays.

The Antarctic ozone hole forms when
extremely cold conditions, common in the winter Antarctic stratosphere,
trigger reactions that convert atmospheric chlorine from human-produced
chemicals into forms that destroy ozone. The same ozone-loss processes
occur each winter in the Arctic. However, the generally warmer
stratospheric conditions there limit the area affected and the time
frame during which the chemical reactions occur, resulting in far less
ozone loss in most years in the Arctic than in the Antarctic.


To investigate the 2011 Arctic ozone loss, scientists from 19
institutions in nine countries (United States, Germany, The Netherlands,
Canada, Russia, Finland, Denmark, Japan and Spain) analyzed a
comprehensive set of measurements.

These included daily global
observations of trace gases and clouds from NASA's Aura and CALIPSO
spacecraft; ozone measured by instrumented balloons; meteorological data
and atmospheric models. The scientists found that at some altitudes,
the cold period in the Arctic lasted more than 30 days longer in 2011
than in any previously studied Arctic winter, leading to the
unprecedented ozone loss. Further studies are needed to determine what
factors caused the cold period to last so long.

"Day-to-day
temperatures in the 2010-11 Arctic winter did not reach lower values
than in previous cold Arctic winters," said lead author Gloria Manney of
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and the New
Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro. "The difference
from previous winters is that temperatures were low enough to produce
ozone-destroying forms of chlorine for a much longer time. This implies
that if winter Arctic stratospheric temperatures drop just slightly in
the future, for example as a result of climate change, then severe
Arctic ozone loss may occur more frequently."

The 2011 Arctic
ozone loss occurred over an area considerably smaller than that of the
Antarctic ozone holes. This is because the Arctic polar vortex, a
persistent large-scale cyclone within which the ozone loss takes place,
was about 40 percent smaller than a typical Antarctic vortex. While
smaller and shorter-lived than its Antarctic counterpart, the Arctic
polar vortex is more mobile, often moving over densely populated
northern regions. Decreases in overhead ozone lead to increases in
surface ultraviolet radiation, which are known to have adverse effects
on humans and other life forms.

Although the total amount of
Arctic ozone measured was much more than twice that typically seen in an
Antarctic spring, the amount destroyed was comparable to that in some
previous Antarctic ozone holes. This is because ozone levels at the
beginning of Arctic winter are typically much greater than those at the
beginning of Antarctic winter.

Manney said that without the
1989 Montreal Protocol, an international treaty limiting production of
ozone-depleting substances, chlorine levels already would be so high
that an Arctic ozone hole would form every spring. The long atmospheric
lifetimes of ozone-depleting chemicals already in the atmosphere mean
that Antarctic ozone holes, and the possibility of future severe Arctic
ozone loss, will continue for decades.

"Our ability to
quantify polar ozone loss and associated processes will be reduced in
the future when NASA's Aura and CALIPSO spacecraft, whose trace gas and
cloud measurements were central to this study, reach the end of their
operational lifetimes," Manney said. "It is imperative that this
capability be maintained if we are to reliably predict future ozone loss
in a changing climate."

For more information on NASA's Aura mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

For more information on NASA's CALIPSO mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Diversidad escribió:

Diversidad escribió:

lilian escribió:Text Size
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Steve Cole
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-0918
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Alan Buis
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-0474
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Oct. 2, 2011


RELEASE
:
11-329



NASA Leads Study Of Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss



WASHINGTON
-- A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of
Earth's protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring
caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in
the stratosphere.

The study, published online Sunday in the
journal Nature, finds the amount of ozone destroyed in the Arctic in
2011 was comparable to that seen in some years in the Antarctic, where
an ozone "hole" has formed each spring since the mid 1980s. The
stratospheric ozone layer, extending from about 10 to 20 miles (15 to 35
kilometers) above the surface, protects life on Earth from the sun's
harmful ultraviolet rays.

The Antarctic ozone hole forms when
extremely cold conditions, common in the winter Antarctic stratosphere,
trigger reactions that convert atmospheric chlorine from human-produced
chemicals into forms that destroy ozone. The same ozone-loss processes
occur each winter in the Arctic. However, the generally warmer
stratospheric conditions there limit the area affected and the time
frame during which the chemical reactions occur, resulting in far less
ozone loss in most years in the Arctic than in the Antarctic.


To investigate the 2011 Arctic ozone loss, scientists from 19
institutions in nine countries (United States, Germany, The Netherlands,
Canada, Russia, Finland, Denmark, Japan and Spain) analyzed a
comprehensive set of measurements.

These included daily global
observations of trace gases and clouds from NASA's Aura and CALIPSO
spacecraft; ozone measured by instrumented balloons; meteorological data
and atmospheric models. The scientists found that at some altitudes,
the cold period in the Arctic lasted more than 30 days longer in 2011
than in any previously studied Arctic winter, leading to the
unprecedented ozone loss. Further studies are needed to determine what
factors caused the cold period to last so long.

"Day-to-day
temperatures in the 2010-11 Arctic winter did not reach lower values
than in previous cold Arctic winters," said lead author Gloria Manney of
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and the New
Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro. "The difference
from previous winters is that temperatures were low enough to produce
ozone-destroying forms of chlorine for a much longer time. This implies
that if winter Arctic stratospheric temperatures drop just slightly in
the future, for example as a result of climate change, then severe
Arctic ozone loss may occur more frequently."

The 2011 Arctic
ozone loss occurred over an area considerably smaller than that of the
Antarctic ozone holes. This is because the Arctic polar vortex, a
persistent large-scale cyclone within which the ozone loss takes place,
was about 40 percent smaller than a typical Antarctic vortex. While
smaller and shorter-lived than its Antarctic counterpart, the Arctic
polar vortex is more mobile, often moving over densely populated
northern regions. Decreases in overhead ozone lead to increases in
surface ultraviolet radiation, which are known to have adverse effects
on humans and other life forms.

Although the total amount of
Arctic ozone measured was much more than twice that typically seen in an
Antarctic spring, the amount destroyed was comparable to that in some
previous Antarctic ozone holes. This is because ozone levels at the
beginning of Arctic winter are typically much greater than those at the
beginning of Antarctic winter.

Manney said that without the
1989 Montreal Protocol, an international treaty limiting production of
ozone-depleting substances, chlorine levels already would be so high
that an Arctic ozone hole would form every spring. The long atmospheric
lifetimes of ozone-depleting chemicals already in the atmosphere mean
that Antarctic ozone holes, and the possibility of future severe Arctic
ozone loss, will continue for decades.

"Our ability to
quantify polar ozone loss and associated processes will be reduced in
the future when NASA's Aura and CALIPSO spacecraft, whose trace gas and
cloud measurements were central to this study, reach the end of their
operational lifetimes," Manney said. "It is imperative that this
capability be maintained if we are to reliably predict future ozone loss
in a changing climate."

For more information on NASA's Aura mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

For more information on NASA's CALIPSO mission, visit:

[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Saludos, iba a colocar el mismo artículo, ¡que bueno que se me adelantaron y hay personas pendientes de estas cosas!

lilian escribió:

Diversidad escribió:

Diversidad escribió:

lilian escribió:Text Size
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Steve Cole
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-0918
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Alan Buis
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-0474
[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

Oct. 2, 2011


RELEASE
:
11-329



NASA Leads Study Of Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss



WASHINGTON
-- A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of
Earth's protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring
caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in
the stratosphere.

The study, published online Sunday in the
journal Nature, finds the amount of ozone destroyed in the Arctic in
2011 was comparable to that seen in some years in the Antarctic, where
an ozone "hole" has formed each spring since the mid 1980s. The
stratospheric ozone layer, extending from about 10 to 20 miles (15 to 35
kilometers) above the surface, protects life on Earth from the sun's
harmful ultraviolet rays.

The Antarctic ozone hole forms when
extremely cold conditions, common in the winter Antarctic stratosphere,
trigger reactions that convert atmospheric chlorine from human-produced
chemicals into forms that destroy ozone. The same ozone-loss processes
occur each winter in the Arctic. However, the generally warmer
stratospheric conditions there limit the area affected and the time
frame during which the chemical reactions occur, resulting in far less
ozone loss in most years in the Arctic than in the Antarctic.


To investigate the 2011 Arctic ozone loss, scientists from 19
institutions in nine countries (United States, Germany, The Netherlands,
Canada, Russia, Finland, Denmark, Japan and Spain) analyzed a
comprehensive set of measurements.

These included daily global
observations of trace gases and clouds from NASA's Aura and CALIPSO
spacecraft; ozone measured by instrumented balloons; meteorological data
and atmospheric models. The scientists found that at some altitudes,
the cold period in the Arctic lasted more than 30 days longer in 2011
than in any previously studied Arctic winter, leading to the
unprecedented ozone loss. Further studies are needed to determine what
factors caused the cold period to last so long.

"Day-to-day
temperatures in the 2010-11 Arctic winter did not reach lower values
than in previous cold Arctic winters," said lead author Gloria Manney of
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and the New
Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro. "The difference
from previous winters is that temperatures were low enough to produce
ozone-destroying forms of chlorine for a much longer time. This implies
that if winter Arctic stratospheric temperatures drop just slightly in
the future, for example as a result of climate change, then severe
Arctic ozone loss may occur more frequently."

The 2011 Arctic
ozone loss occurred over an area considerably smaller than that of the
Antarctic ozone holes. This is because the Arctic polar vortex, a
persistent large-scale cyclone within which the ozone loss takes place,
was about 40 percent smaller than a typical Antarctic vortex. While
smaller and shorter-lived than its Antarctic counterpart, the Arctic
polar vortex is more mobile, often moving over densely populated
northern regions. Decreases in overhead ozone lead to increases in
surface ultraviolet radiation, which are known to have adverse effects
on humans and other life forms.

Although the total amount of
Arctic ozone measured was much more than twice that typically seen in an
Antarctic spring, the amount destroyed was comparable to that in some
previous Antarctic ozone holes. This is because ozone levels at the
beginning of Arctic winter are typically much greater than those at the
beginning of Antarctic winter.

Manney said that without the
1989 Montreal Protocol, an international treaty limiting production of
ozone-depleting substances, chlorine levels already would be so high
that an Arctic ozone hole would form every spring. The long atmospheric
lifetimes of ozone-depleting chemicals already in the atmosphere mean
that Antarctic ozone holes, and the possibility of future severe Arctic
ozone loss, will continue for decades.

"Our ability to
quantify polar ozone loss and associated processes will be reduced in
the future when NASA's Aura and CALIPSO spacecraft, whose trace gas and
cloud measurements were central to this study, reach the end of their
operational lifetimes," Manney said. "It is imperative that this
capability be maintained if we are to reliably predict future ozone loss
in a changing climate."

For more information on NASA's Aura mission, visit:

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For more information on NASA's CALIPSO mission, visit:

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Saludos, iba a colocar el mismo artículo, ¡que bueno que se me adelantaron y hay personas pendientes de estas cosas!

No tenes la direccion de NASA en español?? A ver si suscribiendonos en español podemos recibir informacion mas LEGIBLE y comprensible...

No, yo la recibo y/o la abro en inglés y google la traduce, pero prefiero así porque a veces no entiendo nada de la traducción, entonces la comparo con la de Inglés y corrijo los párrafos que lo necesiten. De hecho en este momento estoy apartando 3 ó 4 párrafos del artículo para resaltarlos y ya encontré la primera traducción confusa, en breve lo coloco. Que estés muy bien!

besotes

Diversidad escribió:Resumen del artículo de la NASA subido por Lilian.

COMUNICADO: 11-329

NASA conduce Estudio de pérdida sin precedentes de ozono en el Ártico

WASHINGTON - Un estudio dirigido por la NASA ha documentado una disminución sin precedentes de la capa de ozono protectora de la Tierra sobre el pasado invierno ártico y la primavera, causada por un período inusualmente prolongado de temperaturas extremadamente bajas en la estratosfera.
Los científicos encontraron que en determinadas altitudes, el período frío en el Ártico duró más de 30 días más en 2011 que en cualquier otro estudio del invierno Ártico realizado anteriormente, lo que conduce a la pérdida de ozono sin precedentes. Se necesitan más estudios para determinar los factores que hizo que el período de frío durara tanto tiempo.

“Día a día las temperaturas en el invierno 2010-11 del Ártico no alcanzaron los valores más bajos que en anteriores inviernos fríos del Ártico", dijo el autor principal de Gloria Manney Laboratorio de Propulsión a Chorro en Pasadena, California, Nuevo México y el Instituto de Minería y Tecnología en Socorro. "La diferencia de inviernos anteriores es que las temperaturas fueron lo suficientemente bajas como para producir las formas de de cloro que destruyen la capa de ozono por un tiempo mucho más largo.

Esto implica que si en el invierno Ártico estratosférico las temperaturas caen sólo un poco en el futuro, por ejemplo, como resultado del cambio climático, entonces una severa pérdida de ozono del Ártico puede ocurrir con mayor frecuencia. "

La disminución en la capa de ozono de encima conlleva a aumentar la radiación ultravioleta en la superficie, lo que se sabe que tienen efectos adversos en los seres humanos y otras formas de vida.

A pesar que la cantidad total de ozono en el Ártico que se midió fue mucho más del doble de lo que típicamente se observa en una primavera de la Antártida, la cantidad destruida fue comparable a la de algunos agujeros de ozono de la Antártica previos.

Esto se debe a que los niveles de ozono en el comienzo del invierno del Ártico son mucho mayores a los niveles en el principio del invierno Antártico.

Manney dijo que sin el Protocolo de Montreal de 1989, un tratado internacional que limita la producción de sustancias que agotan la capa de ozono, los niveles de cloro ya sería tan altos que un agujero de ozono en el Ártico se formaría cada primavera.

La larga vida en la atmósfera de sustancias químicas que agotan la capa de ozono en la atmósfera significa que los agujeros de ozono de la Antártida, y la posibilidad de una futura pérdida severa de la capa de ozono del Ártico continuará durante décadas.

"Nuestra habilidad para cuantificar la pérdida de ozono polar y los procesos asociados se reducirá en el futuro, cuando las naves espaciales AURA y CALIPSO de la NASA, cuyas mediciones de las nubes y gases fueron centrales en este estudio, lleguen a su final de su vida operativa ", dijo Manney."

]b]Es imprescindible que esta capacidad se mantenga para predecir de forma fiable la pérdida de ozono en el futuro con un clima cambiante" [/b]




[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

lilian escribió:

Diversidad escribió:Resumen del artículo de la NASA subido por Lilian.

COMUNICADO: 11-329

NASA conduce Estudio de pérdida sin precedentes de ozono en el Ártico

WASHINGTON - Un estudio dirigido por la NASA ha documentado una disminución sin precedentes de la capa de ozono protectora de la Tierra sobre el pasado invierno ártico y la primavera, causada por un período inusualmente prolongado de temperaturas extremadamente bajas en la estratosfera.
Los científicos encontraron que en determinadas altitudes, el período frío en el Ártico duró más de 30 días más en 2011 que en cualquier otro estudio del invierno Ártico realizado anteriormente, lo que conduce a la pérdida de ozono sin precedentes. Se necesitan más estudios para determinar los factores que hizo que el período de frío durara tanto tiempo.

“Día a día las temperaturas en el invierno 2010-11 del Ártico no alcanzaron los valores más bajos que en anteriores inviernos fríos del Ártico", dijo el autor principal de Gloria Manney Laboratorio de Propulsión a Chorro en Pasadena, California, Nuevo México y el Instituto de Minería y Tecnología en Socorro. "La diferencia de inviernos anteriores es que las temperaturas fueron lo suficientemente bajas como para producir las formas de de cloro que destruyen la capa de ozono por un tiempo mucho más largo.

Esto implica que si en el invierno Ártico estratosférico las temperaturas caen sólo un poco en el futuro, por ejemplo, como resultado del cambio climático, entonces una severa pérdida de ozono del Ártico puede ocurrir con mayor frecuencia. "

La disminución en la capa de ozono de encima conlleva a aumentar la radiación ultravioleta en la superficie, lo que se sabe que tienen efectos adversos en los seres humanos y otras formas de vida.

A pesar que la cantidad total de ozono en el Ártico que se midió fue mucho más del doble de lo que típicamente se observa en una primavera de la Antártida, la cantidad destruida fue comparable a la de algunos agujeros de ozono de la Antártica previos.

Esto se debe a que los niveles de ozono en el comienzo del invierno del Ártico son mucho mayores a los niveles en el principio del invierno Antártico.

Manney dijo que sin el Protocolo de Montreal de 1989, un tratado internacional que limita la producción de sustancias que agotan la capa de ozono, los niveles de cloro ya sería tan altos que un agujero de ozono en el Ártico se formaría cada primavera.

La larga vida en la atmósfera de sustancias químicas que agotan la capa de ozono en la atmósfera significa que los agujeros de ozono de la Antártida, y la posibilidad de una futura pérdida severa de la capa de ozono del Ártico continuará durante décadas.

"Nuestra habilidad para cuantificar la pérdida de ozono polar y los procesos asociados se reducirá en el futuro, cuando las naves espaciales AURA y CALIPSO de la NASA, cuyas mediciones de las nubes y gases fueron centrales en este estudio, lleguen a su final de su vida operativa ", dijo Manney."

]b]Es imprescindible que esta capacidad se mantenga para predecir de forma fiable la pérdida de ozono en el futuro con un clima cambiante" [/b]




[Tienes que estar registrado y conectado para ver este vínculo]

QUE GRANDE ESTE FORO CHE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!..................